Forebyggelse
Rejsediarré: hvad forebygger den
Profylakse virker mindre godt, end produkterne antyder, og at vide, hvad man skal gøre, når det sker, betyder mere end at forebygge det.
Hvad profylakse opnår
Metaanalyser af probiotisk profylakse [1][3][4] og af probiotika sammenlignet med rifaximin [2] finder moderate reduktioner i forekomst. Moderat er det centrale ord: det er relative risikoreduktioner ved en almindelig tilstand, ikke beskyttelse.
Antibiotisk profylakse anbefales generelt ikke til almindelige rejsende. Det driver resistens, medfører bivirkninger og fremmer kolonisering med resistente organismer, som rejsende derefter tager med hjem — en pris betalt på befolkningsniveau for en bekvemmelighed på individniveau.
Profylakse mod rejsediarré
Forholdsregler for mad og vand
"Kog det, tilbered det, skræl det eller lad det være" er let at huske og kun delvist effektivt — studier af efterlevelse viser, at rejsende, der følger reglerne nøje, stadig bliver syge i betydeligt omfang, hovedsagelig fordi eksponeringen sker i køkkener, de ikke kan observere.
De foranstaltninger med det bedste udbytte: vand på flaske eller behandlet vand, også til tandbørstning, undgåelse af is af ukendt oprindelse, varm mad serveret varm i stedet for holdt varm, og frugt man selv skræller. Håndhygiejne før måltider gør mere gavn end det meste madundgåelse.
Når det ikke bare er rejsediarré
- Blod i afføringen eller høj feber. Søg lægehjælp i stedet for at behandle sig selv.
- Symptomer, der varer mere end en uge. Overvej parasitære årsager, som kræver anden behandling.
- Svær dehydrering, især hos børn og ældre rejsende.
- Symptomer, der begynder efter hjemkomst. Fortæl lægen, hvor du har været; det ændrer differentialdiagnosen.
- Vedvarende symptomer efter et akut forløb. Postinfektiøs IBS er en anerkendt og underdiagnosticeret følge.
Det sidste punkt fortjener opmærksomhed: en betydelig minoritet udvikler vedvarende tarmsymptomer efter et infektiøst forløb. Hvis din tarm aldrig blev normal igen efter en rejse, er det et anerkendt fænomen og ikke noget, du har forestillet dig — se vores tarm-hjerne-evidensside.
Ofte stillede spørgsmål
Skal jeg tage probiotika før en rejse?
Skal jeg tage antibiotika forebyggende?
Er det sikkert at bruge loperamid?
Hvor længe bør det vare?
Relateret læsning
References
Every citation below links to the original peer-reviewed record on PubMed or via DOI. Nothing here is a substitute for medical advice.
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